News and Online media

News and Online media

Production - the process of making a media product. Every industry has its own forms of production.

Distribution - the process of making a media product available to audiences so that they can consume it, which includes aspects of marketing such as creating an advertising campaign.

Circulation - a count of how many copies of a media product are distributed. This can include physical distribution and subscription.

PRINT PRODUCTION

The news Industry is concerned with the production, distribution and circulation of news information and

entertainment.

Today’s UK  News papers are

•created using a process called off set printing

Off set printing is where the paper is printed on four times. With cian, magenta, yellow and black. This brings the colour to newspaper.

•They require large amounts of material

•The employ mainly highly trained staff

Print News is deadline driven with a typical turn around time of 24 –hours.

Average Daily Print Circulation for National Newspapers for	January 2000, in millions	January 2019, in millions	% decline
The Sun	3.6	1.4	53%
Daily Mail	2.4	1.2	41%
Daily Mirror	2.3	0.5	58%
The Daily Telegraph	1.0	0.3	48%
Daily Star	0.5	0.3	58%
Daily Express	1.1	0.3	52%
The Times	0.7	0.4	18%
Financial Times	0.4	0.2	54%
The Guardian	0.4		65%
The Independent	0.2		100%

                                  

Newspaper Groups	National Daily Titles Owned	Daily Circulation in millions (percentage of total)
News International	Sun, The Times	2.0 (36%)
Daily Mail and General Trust	Daily Mail	1.3 (23%)
Reach plc	Daily Express, Daily Star, Daily Mirror	1.3 (23%)
Telegraph Group	Daily Telegraph	0.4  (7%)
Johnston Press	i	0.3  (5%)
Nikkei/ Financial Times Ltd	Financial Times	0.2  (4%)
Guardian Media Group	The Guardian	0.1  (2%)

A political economy approach to the media- arguing that the patterns of ownership and control are the, most significant factors in how the media operate.

Media industries follow the normal capitalist pattern of increasing concentration of ownership in fewer and fewer hands. This leads to a narrowing od the range of opinions represented in a pursuit of profit at the expense of quality or creativity.

The internet does not represent the rupture with the past in that it does not offer a level playing field for diverse voices to be heard. It is constrained by nationalism and state censorship. News is still controlled by powerful news organisations, who have successfully defend their oligarch.

In the UK there are three different ownership models

1.Media barons – wealthy owners/proprietors - Barclay Brothers, Lord Rothermere

2.Trusts – a legal arrangement where the finances from the owner are transferred to a “trustee” to

manage the newspaper. Usually done so the owners views do not get spread to the newspaper.

3.Cross media converged conglomerates (Rupert Murdoch News Corp up until 2018 owned: News

UK, 20th Century Fox and part owned Sky)

•Identify the political affiliation/positioning of the Newspaper organisations presented in the above

slide - News UK-RW

DMG Media- RW

Reach PLC- Centre (both)

Telegraph - RW

Guardian - LW

Financial times - Centre right

•Which two companies own 60% of the British Press, what is their political affiliation?- News

UK,

DMG Media.

•Why might Press ownership be important in shaping the British public views on political issues such

as Brexit, voting for political parties?-

Majority of newspapers are owned by the right wing. They influence peoples opinions as

the majority of  people beleive what they are told in the newspaper, they may not necessarily get

the true facts or the full story, so stand at a certain bias. eg The Guardian saying that the

conservatives may cause more LW people to vote.

British newspapers must attract audiences to make money and survive.

2015 UK newspaper industry contributed £5.3 Billion Gross value added and supports £87,500 jobs.

Print Newspaper production is financed through print sales and advertising revenue.

Circulation sales

•14.3 million people read a newspaper every day.

•81% of newspaper revenue comes from circulation sales.

•The cost of a Daily Newspaper ranges from 3 p to £2.70 with the Daily Mail retailing at xx p and Guardian xx per day.

Advertising

•Advertisers pay for space in the paper

•Advertising in national newspapers is expensive, depending on the paper’s circulation figures and audience (A, B, C1, , D, E)

•The cost of a full page colour advert in the Daily Mail is £30,000

•Newspapers now make money from adverts in off line (print) and online (digital) editions

•Readers of print newspapers are more likely to read an advert than online readers.

ALTERNATIVE METHODS OF FUNDING PRINT NEWS INCLUDE:

Subscriptions and donations

•Online subscription fees known as paywalls, which pay for online services and also fund print papers

•Reader donations and memberships

PRINT costs

Mon-Friday Guardian is £2.20.

Mon-Friday Daily Mail is 70p.

Sat Guardian is £3.20.

Sat Daily Mail is £1.

ONLINE cost

Daily Mail online -£10.99 subscription per month.

Telegraph online -£2-£3 subscription per week.

Guardian online-£5.99 Subscription per month.

The News Paper industry is radically changing with decreased revenue from print sales.

Media barons such as Rupert Murdoch will use their money from other media businesses to invest/subsidise their  news organisation.

Newspapers such as the Daily Telegraph lost 23% of their circulation in 2017 – 2018. 

For the news industry to survive there needs to be a revision of the traditional financial model (sell print, high circulation figures = profit).  

Possible funding strategies include: -

•Government or public funded subsidies.

•Philanthropy - the desire to promote the welfare of others, expressed especially by the generous donation of money to good causes.

•Greater focus on payment from online access - paywalls and subscription fees. More premium level for higher fee.

•Pooled reporting to reduce the cost of journalists - sharing sources, people and news.

•Greater use of freelance agencies for news stories - no longer employed by the paper.

IMPACT OF TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS

Many developments such as the introduction of colour off set printing have benefited owners making newspapers more appealing to readers and quicker to print.

Since the 1980’s rapid developments in digital technology in terms of hardware, software and converged devices have significantly changed the relationship between news owners and their audiences.

1980s - efficiency in print.

1990s - growing competition due to creation of internet.

2000s - birth of citizen journalism, public film events and send it to news.

 

Tries to be liberal in saying we need the EU to keep the British workers happy and in a good mindset.

Centre view as no hint to opinion on the matter of discussion.

Liberal/left viewpoint, as it takes an almost humanitarian stance on the issue. Refering to shocking facts such as death tolls, children and shelters. Refers to the most vulnerable.

Left stance, as the word finally makes it sound as if they have got what they wanted, and that is the failure of the conservative government.