News and Online media
Production - the
process of making a media product. Every industry has its own forms of
production.
Distribution - the process of making a media product available to audiences so that they can consume it, which includes aspects of marketing such as creating an advertising campaign.
Circulation - a count of how many copies of a media product are distributed. This can include physical distribution and subscription.
Distribution - the process of making a media product available to audiences so that they can consume it, which includes aspects of marketing such as creating an advertising campaign.
Circulation - a count of how many copies of a media product are distributed. This can include physical distribution and subscription.
PRINT
PRODUCTION
entertainment.
Today’s
UK News papers are
•created
using a process called off set printing
Off set printing is where the paper is printed on four times. With cian, magenta, yellow and black. This brings the colour to newspaper.
•They
require large amounts of material
•The
employ mainly highly trained staff
Print
News is deadline driven with a typical turn around time of 24 –hours.
Average Daily
Print Circulation for National Newspapers for
|
January 2000, in
millions
|
January 2019, in
millions
|
% decline
|
|
3.6
|
1.4
|
53%
|
|
2.4
|
1.2
|
41%
|
|
2.3
|
0.5
|
58%
|
|
1.0
|
0.3
|
48%
|
|
0.5
|
0.3
|
58%
|
|
1.1
|
0.3
|
52%
|
|
0.7
|
0.4
|
18%
|
|
0.4
|
0.2
|
54%
|
|
0.4
|
|
65%
|
|
0.2
|
|
100%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Newspaper Groups
|
National Daily Titles Owned
|
Daily Circulation in millions (percentage of total)
|
News International
|
Sun, The Times
|
2.0 (36%)
|
Daily Mail and General Trust
|
Daily Mail
|
1.3 (23%)
|
Reach plc
|
Daily Express, Daily Star, Daily Mirror
|
1.3 (23%)
|
Telegraph Group
|
Daily Telegraph
|
0.4 (7%)
|
Johnston Press
|
i
|
0.3 (5%)
|
Nikkei/ Financial Times Ltd
|
Financial Times
|
0.2 (4%)
|
Guardian Media Group
|
The Guardian
|
0.1 (2%)
|
A political economy approach to the media- arguing that the patterns of ownership and control are the, most significant factors in how the media operate.
Media industries follow the normal capitalist pattern of increasing concentration of ownership in fewer and fewer hands. This leads to a narrowing od the range of opinions represented in a pursuit of profit at the expense of quality or creativity.
The internet does not represent the rupture with the past in that it does not offer a level playing field for diverse voices to be heard. It is constrained by nationalism and state censorship. News is still controlled by powerful news organisations, who have successfully defend their oligarch.
In
the UK there are three different ownership models
1.Media barons –
wealthy owners/proprietors - Barclay Brothers, Lord Rothermere
2.Trusts – a
legal arrangement where the finances from the owner are transferred to a
“trustee” to
manage the newspaper. Usually done so the owners views do not get spread to the newspaper.
3.Cross media converged
conglomerates (Rupert Murdoch News Corp up until 2018 owned: News
UK, 20th Century Fox and part owned Sky)
•Identify the political
affiliation/positioning of the Newspaper organisations presented in the above
slide - News UK-RW
DMG Media- RW
Reach PLC- Centre (both)
Telegraph - RW
Guardian - LW
Financial times - Centre right
•Which two companies own 60% of the
British Press, what is their political affiliation?- News
UK,
•Why might Press ownership be important in
shaping the British public views on political issues such
as Brexit,
voting for political parties?-
Majority of newspapers are owned by the right wing. They influence peoples opinions as
the majority of people beleive what they are told in the newspaper, they may not necessarily get
the true facts or the full story, so stand at a certain bias. eg The Guardian saying that the
conservatives may cause more LW people to vote.
British
newspapers must attract audiences to make money and survive.
2015
UK newspaper industry contributed £5.3 Billion Gross value added and supports
£87,500 jobs.
Print
Newspaper production is financed through print sales and advertising revenue.
Circulation
sales
•14.3 million people read a newspaper
every day.
•81% of newspaper revenue comes from
circulation sales.
•The cost of a Daily Newspaper ranges from
3 p to £2.70 with the Daily Mail retailing at xx p and Guardian xx per day.
Advertising
•Advertisers pay for space in the paper
•Advertising in national newspapers is
expensive, depending on the paper’s circulation figures and audience (A, B, C1,
, D, E)
•The cost of a full page colour advert in
the Daily Mail is £30,000
•Newspapers now make money from adverts in
off line (print) and online (digital) editions
•Readers of print newspapers are more
likely to read an advert than online readers.
ALTERNATIVE
METHODS OF FUNDING PRINT NEWS INCLUDE:
Subscriptions
and donations
•Online subscription fees known as
paywalls, which pay for online services and also fund print papers
•Reader donations and memberships
PRINT costs
Mon-Friday Guardian is £2.20.
Mon-Friday Daily Mail is 70p.
Sat Guardian is £3.20.
Sat Daily Mail is £1.
ONLINE cost
Daily Mail online -£10.99 subscription per month.
Telegraph online -£2-£3 subscription per week.
Guardian online-£5.99 Subscription per month.
The
News Paper industry is radically changing with decreased revenue from print
sales.
Media
barons such as Rupert Murdoch will use their money from other media businesses
to invest/subsidise their news
organisation.
Newspapers
such as the Daily Telegraph lost 23% of their circulation in 2017 – 2018.
For
the news industry to survive there needs to be a revision of the traditional
financial model (sell print, high circulation figures = profit).
Possible funding
strategies include: -
•Government
or public funded subsidies.
•Philanthropy - the desire to promote the welfare of others, expressed especially by the generous donation of money to good causes.
•Greater
focus on payment from online access - paywalls and subscription fees. More premium level for higher fee.
•Pooled
reporting to reduce the cost of journalists - sharing sources, people and news.
•Greater
use of freelance agencies for news stories - no longer employed by the paper.
IMPACT OF TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS
Many developments such as the introduction of colour off set printing have benefited owners making newspapers more appealing to readers and quicker to print.
Since the 1980’s rapid developments in digital technology in terms of hardware, software and converged devices have significantly changed the relationship between news owners and their audiences.
1980s - efficiency in print.
1990s - growing competition due to creation of internet.
2000s - birth of citizen journalism, public film events and send it to news.
Tries to be liberal in saying we need the EU to keep the British workers happy and in a good mindset.
Centre view as no hint to opinion on the matter of discussion.
Liberal/left viewpoint, as it takes an almost humanitarian stance on the issue. Refering to shocking facts such as death tolls, children and shelters. Refers to the most vulnerable.
Left stance, as the word finally makes it sound as if they have got what they wanted, and that is the failure of the conservative government.